PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Permian of North America		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Britain		Central Paratethys Stages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian								Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian									Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian									Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
													Planulata						179.3 *
													Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
													Kanense						181.3 *
													Carlottense						182.3 *
													Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian									Kunae						184.2
													Freboldi						185.1 *
													Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
														Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
													Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian															192.9
													Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
													Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian									Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian			Wordian												264.28
Roadian				Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Sunwaptan	487.5
									Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								489.5
										Steptoean	493 *
									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian						Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	St Davids		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				Marjumian					500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan					Stage 5 †				504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran					Stage 5 †				506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †	Caerfai							509
			Stage 4				Dyeran									511 *
			Stage 3				Dyeran									514
							Montezuman									514.8 *
							Begadean							519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																			1400