PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of North America		Permian of North America		Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Yushean						Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean						Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean						Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian						Tunggurian					Pannonian			11.1
		Serravallian											Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian											Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian						Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian						Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Laibinian								Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian			Wordian		Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian			Roadian		Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian									273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian	283.5
			Longlinian	285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Nealian		Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
							Aksaian			Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian			Sakian		492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
						Topazan								505.3
						Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Waucoban †							509
								Toyonian	Lenian †		Toyonian			510 *
						Dyeran		Toyonian			Toyonian			511 *
								Botomian			Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
						Montezuman								514.8 *
						Montezuman		Atdabanian			Atdabanian			515.6 *
						Begadean		Atdabanian			Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
																538.8