PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of the Baltic				Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian					7.246
				Serravallian								Sarmatian					11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian					12.8 *
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
				Induan													251.2
				Induan			Kathwai										251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai										251.902
																	252.4 *
							Chhidru										252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian			Chhidru							Longtanian †			254.14
							Kalabagh										255 *
							Wargal										256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
																	265.3 *
							Amb										266.1 *
				Roadian			Amb										266.9
				Roadian													270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju		Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian					477.7
	Varangu							481.3 *
	Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian	Albertian †			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian				Marjumian					500.5
			Wuliuan				Topazan					Stage 5 †	504.5
			Wuliuan				Delamaran					Stage 5 †	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
			Stage 4				Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3				Dyeran						514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean						519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian													635
			Tonian													720
			Tonian												Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
			Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan											1375
																	1400