PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian							Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian							Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian							Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian						66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic						100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian					Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
				Wuchiapingian								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Zechstein	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian				Urzhumian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
				Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
								Filipovian							276.5 *
								Saraninian							280.1 *
				Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian						Autunian	283.5
								Irginian							285.9 *
								Burtsevian							287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
					Uskalykian	294.8
					Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †		298.9
			Kasimovian			Mapingian †		303.7
			Kasimovian					305.9
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian								Arcadian		498.4
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan						Topazan				504.5
	Delamaran		Wuliuan						506.5
	Delamaran	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †	Branchian	509
	Dyeran		Stage 4								511 *
	Dyeran		Stage 3								514
	Montezuman										514.8 *
	Montezuman									Placentian	517.1
	Begadean										519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400