PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Silurian Ages of Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †									Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian											Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean											Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian						Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian					Pannonian						Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian					Sarmatian						Astaracian	11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian											Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian											Agenian	20
		Aquitanian											Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †						Zechstein	Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes	Midian		259.51
		Wordian										Midian		264.28
		Wordian										Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian										Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian										Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian									Autunian	Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian										Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian										Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian										Asselian		293.52
		Asselian						Kuzel				Asselian		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9		Kuzel
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian		489.5
								Aksaian		490.7 *
								Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian	509
					Toyonian						510 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian						514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
														538.8