PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of France	Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †						Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene		MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene		MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan												Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Kathwai	251.902
															252.4 *
														Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †									Chhidru	254.14
														Kalabagh	255 *
														Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian						Wordian							264.28
															265.3 *
														Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian						Roadian						Amb	266.9
		Roadian						Roadian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian				Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian						Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian	323.2
		Visean						Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian						Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian		489.5
								Aksaian		490.7 *
								Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian		Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †			Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
								Toyonian			510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			521
															525.5