PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean	Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean	Early Pliocene				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian									Tunggurian	Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian									Shanwangian	Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian	Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan					16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian							Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian										66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic										100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Zechstein			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian											Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Bolindian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	Bolindian		Chientangkiangian			445.2
					Eastonian		Chientangkiangian			449 *
							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Berounian							449.7 *
					Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †								458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
			Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Oretanian									459.7 *
				Sarka †								461.7 *
				Sarka †				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †	Yapeenian		Dapingian					467.3
			Arenigian		Yapeenian	468
					Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	Yiyangian	470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian	Tremadocian			Xinchangian					477.7
									Lianghekou †			477.9 *
					Warendian				Lianghekou †			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
			Aksaian												490.7 *
			Sakian												492.2 *
														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian												500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian												503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian									Topazan			504.5
												Topazan			505.3
												Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian												510 *
			Toyonian									Dyeran			511 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3													514
												Montezuman	514.8 *
			Atdabanian									Montezuman	515.6 *
			Atdabanian									Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
																538.8