PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian											0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean											2.58
				Zanclean		Yushean											3.6
				Zanclean		Baodean											4.9
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian		Tunggurian											11.1
				Serravallian		Tunggurian											11.63
				Langhian		Shanwangian											13.82
				Burdigalian		Shanwangian											15.98
				Burdigalian		Xiejiaan											16.9
				Aquitanian		Xiejiaan											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian					251.902
				Changhsingian								Baoqingian					253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian								Laoshanian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Laibinian					257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan					259.51
				Wordian								Kuhfengian					264.28
				Roadian								Kuhfengian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Luodianian					273.01
				Artinskian								Luodianian					283.5
				Artinskian								Longlinian					285.4 *
Sakmarian				290.1								Longlinian
Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
Asselian					Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
								300.1
					Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B		314.6
			Bashkirian			Westphalian B		315.2
						Westphalian A		317 *
						Westphalian A	Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
						Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
						Arnsbergian		324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
						Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
					Warnantian	Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian						Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
	Edenian								450.4 *
	Mohawkian							Chatfieldian	451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian	453
								Turinian	453.7 *
	Whiterockian								Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dapingian								467.3
			Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian	Batyrbaian				485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian		489.5
				Aksaian					490.7 *
				Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian					504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
				Toyonian					510 *
				Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian					514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635