PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian			0.0117
				Chibanian			Ionian			0.129
				Calabrian						0.774
				Gelasian						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						5.333
				Tortonian		Pannonian				7.246
				Serravallian		Sarmatian				11.63
				Serravallian		Badenian				12.8 *
				Langhian						13.82
				Burdigalian						15.98
				Aquitanian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
				Bartonian						37.71
				Lutetian						41.2
				Ypresian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						56
				Selandian						59.2
				Danian						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
				Norian						208.5
				Carnian						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian						264.28
				Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian				Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
				Kasimovian						303.7
				Moscovian						307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian		Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian			499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan			505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
					Toyonian	510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian	514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	521
			Stage 2			525.5
			Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian					Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau		1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan		1375
										1400