PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of England		Cambrian of Britain		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian									Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian		Sarmatian									Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian											Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian			Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan				Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian									Wordian			264.28
		Roadian									Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian										Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian										Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian										Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian			425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian	Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Telychian			436.3 *
		Aeronian			438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10					Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						489.5
					Aksaian			490.7 *
					Sakian			492.2 *
							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian	St Davids		497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai		509
					Toyonian			510 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian						529
														538.8