PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Tarantian										0.0117
				Chibanian		Ionian										0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian				259.51
				Wordian								Midian				264.28
				Wordian								Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian								Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian								Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian								Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian								Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian								Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani		433.4
			Telychian	Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	443.8
			Katian			Bolindian	445.2
						Eastonian	449 *
						Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
						Bendigonian	471.8 *
						Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian			Warendian	Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian	Niuchehean			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian			489.5
						Aksaian							490.7 *
						Sakian							492.2 *
									Maentwrogian				493.1 *
			Paibian							Paibian			494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian		St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
			Guzhangian							Guzhangian			499.5
	Drumian		Zhanaarykian			Drumian				500.5
	Drumian		Tuesaian			Drumian				503
	Wuliuan		Tuesaian			Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai		Duyunian			509
			Toyonian								510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					Nangaoian			514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian					Nangaoian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400