PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene				Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene				Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian				20
				Aquitanian							Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
				Wuchiapingian											254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian									Urzhumian		264.28
				Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
				Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
													Filipovian		276.5 *
													Saraninian		280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †		293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian			Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian		323.2
			Visean			Chesterian		330.9
						Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan				419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran				422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Dapingian	Middle Ordovician	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian									Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian										489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian										500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian										503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian										504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										Early Cambrian	509
			Toyonian										510 *
			Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian										514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian	521
		Stage 2		525.5
		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400