PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan											150
					Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian			Warepan											208.5
					Otamitan											217
					Oretian											221
		Carnian			Oretian											227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian			Etalian											238
		Anisian			Etalian											242
		Anisian			Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian											249
		Induan			Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian					Longtanian †						254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan					Longtanian †						254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian											259.51
		Wordian	264.28		Flettian
		Wordian	Barettian		266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian	Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian	Mangapirian		283.5
			Telfordian		285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian						Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian						489.5
								Aksaian						490.7 *
								Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian		Stage 5 †					504.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
								Toyonian							510 *
								Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian							514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian							521
																525.5