PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian		Late Miocene					7.246
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian		Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene					15.98
				Aquitanian		Early Miocene					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
				Artinskian					Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
				Kasimovian							303.7
				Moscovian							307
				Bashkirian							315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian		Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	497
					Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
							499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian		504.5
			Wuliuan				505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian	509
					Toyonian		510 *
					Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian		514
					Atdabanian		515.6 *
					Atdabanian	Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
			Stage 2		525.5
			Fortunian		529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian			538.8
			Cryogenian							635
			Tonian							720
			Tonian				Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
			Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
											1400