PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Britain		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian			259.51
		Wordian								Midian			264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian			273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian			283.5
		Artinskian								Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
								Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									489.5
						Aksaian					490.7 *
						Sakian					492.2 *
										Steptoean	493 *
								Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
						Ayusokkanian					Arcadian	498.4
												499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian			Topazan			504.5
									Topazan			505.3
									Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai			Branchian	Waucoban †	509
						Toyonian						510 *
						Toyonian			Dyeran			511 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
									Montezuman			514.8 *
						Atdabanian						515.6 *
										Placentian		517.1
									Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian						521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
													538.8