PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian Subages	Devonian of France	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean						2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan						3.6
						Montehermosan						3.7 *
						Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
						Chasicoan						7.9 *
						Mayoan						9.9 *
						Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian				Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian						15.98
						Santacrucian						16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican						56
						Itaboraian						56.9 *
						Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian		365.3 *
			Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian		Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian						489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
					Toyonian						510 *
					Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian						514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian						521
												525.5