International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
  • J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCambrian of KazakhstanCambrian of SiberiaCarboniferous of Western EuropeOrdovician of ChinaSouth American Land Mammal AgesPermian of the Russian PlatformCambrian of West AvaloniaCretaceous-Cenozoic of New ZealandNeogene Mammal Ages of China
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanWanganuiHaweran0
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneLujanianNihewanian0.0117
Chibanian0.129
Ensenadan0.3 *
Castlecliffian0.34
Calabrian0.774
Nukumaruan1.63
SanandresianUquian †1.7 *
Gelasian1.8
Mangapanian2.4
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianVorohueanYushean2.58
Chapadmalalan2.9 *
Waipipian3
Zanclean3.6
MontehermosanOpoitian3.7 *
HuayquerianBaodean4.9 *
MioceneMessinianTaranakiKapitean5.333
Tongaporutuan7.2
Tortonian7.246
Chasicoan7.9 *
Mayoan9.9 *
Laventan10.9 *
SouthlandWaiauan11.04
Tunggurian11.1
Serravallian11.63
Lillburnian13.05
Colloncuran13.7 *
LanghianShanwangian13.82
Clifdenian15.1
Friasian15.4 *
PareoraAltonian15.9
Burdigalian15.98
Santacrucian16.2 *
Xiejiaan16.9
Colhuehuapian17.4 *
Otaian18.7
Aquitanian20.44
Deseadan20.9 *
LandonWaitakian21.7
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.03
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
Rupelian27.82
Tinguirirican28.9 *
EocenePriabonian33.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Divisaderan35.9 *
Kaiatan36.7
Bartonian37.71
Bortonian39.1
Lutetian41.2
Mustersan41.9 *
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
Ypresian47.8
Casamayoran47.9 *
Mangaorapan48.9
Waipawan52
PaleoceneThanetianRiochicanTeurian56
Itaboraian56.9 *
Peligran58.9 *
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
Tiupampan62.4 *
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianMataHaumurian66
Campanian72.1
SantonianPiripauan83.6
RaukumaraTeratan86.1
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Mangaotanean90.5
Arowhanan93.7
Cenomanian93.9
ClarenceNgaterian95.2
Motuan99.5
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Urutawan103.3
TaitaiKorangan108.4
Aptian113
117.5
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
TatarianVyatkian256.8 *
GuadalupianCapitanianSeverodvinian259.51
WordianUrzhumian264.28
RoadianKazanianPovolzhian266.9
Sokian270.7 *
CisuralianKungurianKungurianIrenian/Ufimian273.01
Filipovian276.5 *
Saraninian280.1 *
ArtinskianArtinskianSarginian283.5
Irginian285.9 *
Burtsevian287.8 *
SakmarianSakmarianSterlitamakian290.1
Tastubian291.7 *
AsselianAsselianShikhanian293.52
Uskalykian294.8
Surenian297.5
Kuzel297.7
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
StephanianStephanian C300.3 *
Stephanian B300.9 *
Stephanian A301.4 *
Kasimovian303.7
Cantabrian305 *
Moscovian307
WestphalianWestphalian D307.4 *
Westphalian C309.8
Westphalian B314.6
Bashkirian315.2
Westphalian A317 *
NamurianYeadonian318.8 *
Marsdenian320.2 *
Kinderscoutian321.5 *
Alportian322 *
Chokierian323.1 *
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Arnsbergian324 *
Pendleian327.4 *
ViseanWarnantianBrigantian †330.9
LivianAsbian †336.3 *
MoliniacianHolkerian †/Arundian/Chadian340.2 *
TournaisianIvorian346.7
Hastarian353.7 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianHirnantianXiaoxita †/ShikouWufeng †443.8
KatianChientangkiangian445.2
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang449.5
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianDarriwilianGuniu †/Hulo458.4
Hunjiang †Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo466.3 *
DapingianDapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloianYiyangian470
TremadocianUngurianXinchangian477.7
Lianghekou †477.9 *
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianBatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
AksaianAksaian490.7 *
SakianSakian492.2 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanianAyusokkanian497
Arcadian498.4
Mayan/Menevian499.5
DrumianZhanaarykian500.5
Tuesaian503
WuliuanAmgan/Solvan504.5
505.3
Series 2Stage 4Branchian509
ToyonianToyonianLenian †510 *
BotomianBotomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
AtdabanianAtdabanian515.6 *
Placentian517.1
TerreneuvianStage 2TommotianTommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
538.8