PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean												Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean												Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian												Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian												Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian												Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian												Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian												Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian												Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Meishanian							251.902
		Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	Laoshanian		Zechstein		Longtanian †			254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Dzhulfian	Laibinian		Zechstein		Longtanian †			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Midian	Lengwuan		Rotliegendes					259.51
		Wordian					Midian	Kuhfengian							264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	Luodianian							273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
				Longlinian	285.4 *
					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian					Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian		485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian		489.5
							Aksaian	Aksaian					490.7 *
							Sakian	Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian									Idamean		494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			Mindyallan		Series 3 †	497
							Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			Boomerangian			499
								Mayan/Menevian			Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian				Undillan			500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian				Floran			503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			Templetonian	Stage 5 †		504.5
											Templetonian			505.3
											Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
							Toyonian	Toyonian	Lenian †					510 *
							Toyonian	Toyonian						510.8 *
							Botomian	Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian	Botomian						514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian	Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
															538.8