PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of Australia	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian						Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian						Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian						Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean						Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian			Pannonian							7.246
				Tortonian			Pannonian			Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian			Sarmatian			Clarendonian				11.63
							Sarmatian			Barstovian				12.5
							Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
										Hemingfordian				16.3
										Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
										Whitneyan				29.5
										Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian						Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian						Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian						Bridgerian				47.8
										Wasatchian				50.5
										Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian						Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian						Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian						Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian						Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian						Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic	100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
Pliensbachian				184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
					Payntonian					486.8 *
					Payntonian					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian		Iverian						489.5
				Aksaian			Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian			Sakian				492.2 *
										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian		Idamean						494
			Paibian		Idamean				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian	Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
				Ayusokkanian	Boomerangian			Ayusokkanian			499
					Boomerangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian	Zhanaarykian	Undillan						500.5
			Drumian	Tuesaian	Floran						503
			Wuliuan	Tuesaian	Templetonian	Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
						Topazan					505.3
						Delamaran					506.5
					Ordian						507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †				509
				Toyonian				Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
											510.8 *
						Dyeran					511 *
				Botomian				Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3								514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
Atdabanian				Atdabanian		Montezuman			515.6 *
Atdabanian				Atdabanian		Begadean			519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian	Tommotian					521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
														635