PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of China		Devonian of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian			100.5
													Middle Albian			106.2 *
													Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian									Late Aptian			113
				Aptian									Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian									Late Berriasian			139.8
													Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
													Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian									Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian									Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian			174.7
													Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
													Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian									Sevatian			208.5
													Alaunian			213.2 *
													Lacian			216.7 *
				Carnian									Tuvalian			227
				Carnian									Julian			233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian			237
				Ladinian									Fassanian			239.7 *
				Anisian									Illyrian			242
													Pelsonian			243.8 *
													Bithynian			244.7 *
													Aegean			245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian			247.2
				Olenekian									Smithian			248.9 *
				Induan									Dienerian			251.2
													Griesbachian			251.4 *
													Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian											Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
																265.3 *
															Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian											Amb	266.9
				Roadian												270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian			Pirgu	445.2
						Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Kukruse		456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
						Lasnamagi		458.9 *
						Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
							Latorp †		470.1 *
						Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian			Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
						Varangu				481.3 *
						Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort	Batyrbaian		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
											486.3 *
					486.5
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian				489.5
							Aksaian		490.7 *
							Sakian		492.2 *
			Paibian		Paibian				494
			Paibian		Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian		Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	497
			Guzhangian				Guzhangian			499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian		Drumian			500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian		Drumian			503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian		Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian			509
					Toyonian					510 *
					Botomian					512.5 *
			Stage 3		Botomian		Nangaoian			514
			Stage 3		Atdabanian		Nangaoian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		Meishucunian			521
			Stage 2							525.5
			Fortunian							529
			Fortunian				Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
			Tonian									Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
			Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
																1400