PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of North America						Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian												Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
																Kawhia	Ohauan					150
																	Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Callovian													Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Toarcian												Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian													Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian													Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian													Warepan					208.5
																	Otamitan					217
																	Oretian					221
				Carnian													Oretian					227
				Carnian												Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian													Etalian					238
				Anisian													Etalian					242
				Anisian													Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian													Nelsonian					249
				Induan													Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan												DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian													Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †				Waiitian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †				Puruhauan					254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												Aparima	Flettian					259.51
Wordian				264.28													Flettian
Wordian				Barettian	266
Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
			Dapingian											467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean					Ungurian	477.7
										Stairsian						480.3 *
	Skullrockian									Demingian †				482 *
										Demingian †				Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian					Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
															Payntonian				486.8 *
													487.5		Payntonian
			Jiangshanian										Iverian		489.5
										Aksaian					Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian					Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian										Idamean			494
			Paibian										Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †		Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
										Ayusokkanian					Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
					Mayan/Menevian					499.5					Boomerangian
			Drumian	Zhanaarykian						Undillan					500.5
			Drumian	Tuesaian						Floran					503
			Wuliuan	Tuesaian	Stage 5 †					Templetonian					Amgan/Solvan	504.5
										Templetonian						505.3
										Ordian						507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4													509
				Toyonian											Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
				Toyonian											Toyonian		510.8 *
				Botomian											Botomian		512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian											Botomian		514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian											Atdabanian		515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian											Tommotian		521
			Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
			Fortunian												Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																		635
			Tonian																		720
			Tonian																	Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
			Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian																	Burzyan	1375
																						1400