PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of China			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan											150
								Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian						Warepan											208.5
								Otamitan											217
								Oretian											221
		Carnian						Oretian											227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian						Etalian											238
		Anisian						Etalian											242
		Anisian						Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian											249
		Induan						Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian			Zechstein		Longtanian †						254.14
								Puruhauan											254.2
								Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian			266
		Roadian			Kazanian			Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian			Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian	276
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian			285
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
						Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian									Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian									Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian									Ungurian			Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian									Ungurian		Lianghekou †	Xinchangian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
											Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian				Series 3 †				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian										500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian										503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian								Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
																	Topazan	505.3
																	Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Waucoban †		509
							Toyonian											510 *
			Dyeran	511 *			Toyonian
				Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					514
			Montezuman				514.8 *
			Montezuman	Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Begadean	Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
																			538.8