PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Britain			Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian						66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic						100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
		Induan											251.2
		Induan										Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Kathwai	251.902
													252.4 *
												Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian										Chhidru	254.14
												Kalabagh	255 *
												Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
													265.3 *
												Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian										Amb	266.9
		Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian						Bursumian †					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian					298.9
		Kasimovian						Missourian					303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian					307
		Moscovian						Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan					315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan					318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian					323.2
		Visean	330.9					Chesterian
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Ungurian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
					Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
				Aksaian							490.7 *
				Sakian							492.2 *
										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian					Topazan		504.5
									Topazan		505.3
									Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †	509
				Toyonian							510 *
				Toyonian					Dyeran		511 *
				Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3									514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
			Montezuman	Atdabanian					515.6 *
			Begadean	Atdabanian					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
													538.8