PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Britain				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	European Faunal Units	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of France
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian					2.58
		Piacenzian							Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean							Ruscinian					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian					5.333
		Tortonian							Turolian					7.246
		Tortonian							Vallesian					8.7
		Serravallian							Astaracian					11.63
		Langhian							Astaracian					13.82
		Burdigalian							Orleanian					15.98
		Burdigalian							Agenian					20
		Aquitanian							Agenian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian									Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian										Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian										Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
									Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian		Longvillian †			456.8 *
							Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian					470
							Whitlandian					471.1 *
							Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
							Tremadoc					Cressagian	480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian							485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian							489.5
						Aksaian							490.7 *
						Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian							504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
						Toyonian							510 *
						Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian		514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian		521
														525.5