PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America						Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene		7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene		11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene		13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene		15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian										Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian										Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
				Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
				Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian							453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian				Ungurian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
								Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian				485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian				489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian				Sakian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian								499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian				500.5
			Drumian				Tuesaian				503
			Wuliuan				Tuesaian				504.5
			Wuliuan								505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
							Toyonian				510 *
							Botomian				512.5 *
			Stage 3				Botomian				514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian				515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
			Stage 2								525.5
			Fortunian								529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635