PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Germany	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand	European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan							MN 17	1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian							MN 17	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian							MN 16	2.58
								Waipipian							MN 16	3
															MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean												3.6
								Opoitian								3.7
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
							Southland	Waiauan							MN 9	11.04
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian											MN 7 + 8	11.63
															MN 6	12.8 *
								Lillburnian							MN 6	13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian							MN 5	13.82
								Clifdenian								15.1
							Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian											MN 4	15.98
															MN 3	16.9
								Otaian							MN 3	18.7
															MN 2	20
				Aquitanian												20.44
							Landon	Waitakian								21.7
															MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
								Duntroonian								25.2
								Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
							Arnold	Runangan								34.6
								Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan								37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian								41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
								Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan								47.8
								Mangaorapan								48.9
								Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian								56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian			Senonian					66
				Campanian				Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
								Mangaotanean								90.5
								Arowhanan								93.7
Cenomanian				93.9				Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	Gallic	100.5
					Urutawan		103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian		Korangan		113
			Aptian				117.5
			Barremian				121.4
			Hauterivian			Neocomian	125.77
			Valanginian				132.6
			Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan	145
			Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan	150
								Heterian	154.5
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Callovian					Temaikan	164.3
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian					Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian					Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian					Warepan	208.5
								Otamitan	217
								Oretian	221
			Carnian					Oretian	227
			Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian					Etalian	238
			Anisian					Etalian	242
			Anisian					Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
			Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian					Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian					Waiitian	254.14
								Puruhauan	254.2
								Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
			Wordian				Urzhumian			Flettian	264.28
			Wordian				Urzhumian			Barettian	266
			Roadian				Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian				Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
									Irenian/Ufimian	Mangapirian	276
									Filipovian		276.5 *
									Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian				Artinskian		Sarginian		283.5
									Sarginian	Telfordian	285
									Irginian		285.9 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
									Burtsevian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian				Asselian		Shikhanian		293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian					Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian						489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
			Paibian			Sakian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian					Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian									499.5
			Drumian			Zhanaarykian						500.5
			Drumian			Tuesaian						503
			Wuliuan			Tuesaian						504.5
			Wuliuan									505.3
Series 2		Stage 4	Early Cambrian								509
						Toyonian					510 *
						Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian					514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian					515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2				Tommotian					521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635