PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian			Ungurian			Xinchangian	477.7
			Tremadocian			Ungurian		Lianghekou †	Xinchangian	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10								Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian			489.5
						Aksaian								490.7 *
						Sakian								492.2 *
													Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Paibian			494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian				Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Guzhangian									Guzhangian		499.5
			Drumian			Zhanaarykian						Drumian		500.5
			Drumian			Tuesaian						Drumian		503
			Wuliuan			Tuesaian				Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
										Topazan				505.3
										Delamaran				506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †	Duyunian		509
						Toyonian								510 *
						Toyonian				Dyeran				511 *
						Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3									Nangaoian		514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
						Atdabanian				Montezuman				515.6 *
						Atdabanian				Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			Meishucunian						521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian													1800
		Rhyacian													2050
		Siderian													2300
Archean	Neoarchean														2500
	Mesoarchean														2800
	Paleoarchean														3200
	Eoarchean														3600
Hadean															4000
															4600