PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian			3
				Zanclean							Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian			23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian			56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
				Campanian							Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
											Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan			93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
											Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	Gallic		100.5
											Urutawan			103.3
										Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian							Korangan			113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian			Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian			Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian		323.2
			Visean			Chesterian		330.9
						Meramecian		335.8 *
						Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian		351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian	489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
					Steptoean				493 *
			Paibian		Steptoean				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian								499.5
			Drumian	Zhanaarykian							500.5
			Drumian	Tuesaian							503
			Wuliuan	Tuesaian					Topazan		504.5
									Topazan		505.3
									Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian					Waucoban †	509
				Toyonian							510 *
				Toyonian					Dyeran		511 *
				Botomian							512.5 *
			Stage 3								514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
Atdabanian				515.6 *					Montezuman
Atdabanian				Begadean					519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian								Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					1000			Karatau
		Stenian					Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
														1400