PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan			56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian										66
				Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan										72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
				Wordian													264.28
				Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
				Artinskian													283.5
				Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian											298.9
				Kasimovian		Missourian											303.7
				Kasimovian		Desmoinesian											305.9 *
				Moscovian		Desmoinesian											307
				Moscovian		Atokan											312.7 *
				Bashkirian		Atokan											315.2
				Bashkirian		Morrowan											318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian											323.2
				Visean		Chesterian											330.9
						Meramecian											335.8 *
						Osagean											343.1 *
				Tournaisian		Osagean											346.7
				Tournaisian		Kinderhookian											351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian					Ungurian			477.7
	Varangu										481.3 *
	Pakerort										482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian									Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian										499.5
			Drumian					Zhanaarykian					500.5
			Drumian					Tuesaian					503
			Wuliuan					Tuesaian			Topazan		504.5
											Topazan		505.3
											Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †	509
								Toyonian					510 *
						Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3								514
						Montezuman					514.8 *
						Montezuman		Atdabanian			515.6 *
						Begadean		Atdabanian			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
			Stage 2					525.5
			Fortunian					529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																	635