International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCambrian of KazakhstanObsolete Carboniferous Ages of ChinaCarboniferous of North AmericaCarboniferous SubepochsCenozoic Subepochs of Southern EuropeCenozoic SubepochsCambrian of SiberiaMammal Paleogene ZonesCarboniferous of China
QuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneTarantianLate Pleistocene0.0117
ChibanianIonianMiddle Pleistocene0.129
CalabrianEarly Pleistocene0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianLate Pliocene2.58
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
MioceneMessinianLate Miocene5.333
Tortonian7.246
SerravallianMiddle Miocene11.63
Langhian13.82
BurdigalianEarly Miocene15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianLate OligoceneMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 2523.03
RupelianEarly OligoceneMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
EocenePriabonianLate EoceneMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A33.9
BartonianMiddle EoceneMP 1637.71
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
YpresianEarly EoceneMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
PaleoceneThanetianLate PaleoceneMP 6MP 1 - 556
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianBursumian †293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianMapingian †VirgilianLate Pennsylvanian298.9
Xiaodushanian300 *
KasimovianMissourian303.7
Dalaun305.8 *
Desmoinesian305.9 *
MoscovianMiddle Pennsylvanian307
Atokan312.7 *
BashkirianEarly Pennsylvanian315.2
Morrowan318.4 *
Huashibanian318.5 *
Lousuan321.2 *
MississippianSerpukhovianChesterianLate MississippianDewunian323.2
Shangsian330.8 *
ViseanMiddle Mississippian330.9
Jiusian335 *
Meramecian335.8 *
Osagean343.1 *
TournaisianEarly MississippianTangbagouan346.7
Kinderhookian351.9 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoli419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantian443.8
Katian445.2
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilian458.4
Dapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloian470
TremadocianUngurian477.7
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianBatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/Yurakian485.4
Jiangshanian489.5
AksaianAksaian490.7 *
SakianSakian492.2 *
Paibian494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanianAyusokkanian497
Mayan/Menevian499.5
DrumianZhanaarykian500.5
Tuesaian503
WuliuanAmgan/Solvan504.5
505.3
Series 2Stage 4509
ToyonianToyonianLenian †510 *
BotomianBotomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
AtdabanianAtdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2TommotianTommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
538.8