PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of Western Europe		European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene					0.774
				Gelasian							Early Pleistocene					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian		Late Pliocene					2.58
				Piacenzian					Ruscinian		Late Pliocene					3.1 *
				Zanclean					Ruscinian		Early Pliocene					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Turolian		Late Miocene					5.333
				Tortonian					Turolian							7.246
				Tortonian					Vallesian							8.7
				Serravallian					Astaracian		Middle Miocene					11.63
				Langhian					Astaracian		Middle Miocene					13.82
				Burdigalian					Orleanian		Early Miocene					15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian							20
				Aquitanian					Agenian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene					33.9
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene					37.71
				Lutetian							Middle Eocene					41.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene					56
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
				Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein										254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller										259.51
				Wordian		Leine										264.28
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Artinskian												283.5
				Sakmarian												290.1
				Asselian												293.52
				Asselian			Kuzel									297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9			Kuzel
				Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
					Stephanian B		300.9 *
					Stephanian A		301.4 *
			Kasimovian		Stephanian A		303.7
			Kasimovian		Cantabrian		305 *
			Moscovian		Cantabrian		307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
					Westphalian C		309.8
					Westphalian B		314.6
			Bashkirian		Westphalian B		315.2
					Westphalian A		317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Alportian		322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian		323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
			Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian			346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Pragian				Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
			Tremadocian							Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian							Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian	Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian	Sakian			492.2 *
	Paibian		494
	Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian										494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian							Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian			Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Wuliuan								505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
			Toyonian			Toyonian				Lenian †	510 *
			Botomian			Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian			Botomian					514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian			Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			Tommotian					521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400