PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Zechstein		Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian	Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian								264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian								266.9
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian								273.01
							Filipovian								276.5 *
							Saraninian								280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian							283.5
							Irginian								285.9 *
							Burtsevian								287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian								290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian								291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian								293.52
							Uskalykian								294.8
			Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian	Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian			358.9
								Middle Famennian			365.3 *
								Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian			372.2
								Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
								Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian			382.7
								Middle Givetian			383.7 *
								Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ungurian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian		Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian												499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian	Stage 5 †		Topazan		504.5
												Topazan		505.3
												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †		509
									Toyonian				510 *
									Toyonian			Dyeran	511 *
									Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3											514
												Montezuman	514.8 *
									Atdabanian			Montezuman	515.6 *
									Atdabanian			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian				521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
															538.8