PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Australia
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian							100.5
				Middle Albian							106.2 *
				Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian							113
		Aptian		Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian							139.8
				Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
				Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian							174.7
				Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
				Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian		Sevatian							208.5
				Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian							227
		Carnian		Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian							237
		Ladinian		Fassanian							239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian							242
				Pelsonian							243.8 *
				Bithynian							244.7 *
				Aegean							245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian							247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian							248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian							251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian							251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill			Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc			Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan	451.5 *
					Cheneyan	Gisbornian	452 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
			Arenig		Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
							Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian		470
					Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
							Bendigonian		471.8 *
							Lancefieldian		473.5 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian		Tremadoc				Migneintian	477.7
									Cressagian	480.8 *
							Warendian		Cressagian	482.8 *
							Warendian			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian							485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian							489.5
			Aksaian							490.7 *
			Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan		505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
			Toyonian	510 *
			Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian	521
											525.5