International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCambrian of SiberiaCentral Paratethys StagesCambrian of AustraliaOrdovician of AustraliaSilurian of North AmericaOrdovician of the BalticPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaCambrian of North AmericaCarboniferous of North AmericaDevonian of Germany
NeogeneMioceneTortonianPannonian7.246
SerravallianSarmatian11.63
Badenian12.8 *
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianTabenbulakianHsandagolian23.03
RupelianKekeamuan27.82
EocenePriabonianHouldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian33.9
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
Lutetian41.2
YpresianBumbanian47.8
PaleoceneThanetianGashatan56
Selandian59.2
Danian61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
Roadian266.9
CisuralianKungurian273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianBursumian †293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianVirgilian298.9
KasimovianMissourian303.7
Desmoinesian305.9 *
Moscovian307
Atokan312.7 *
Bashkirian315.2
Morrowan318.4 *
MississippianSerpukhovianChesterian323.2
Visean330.9
Meramecian335.8 *
Osagean343.1 *
Tournaisian346.7
Kinderhookian351.9 *
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianWocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianAdorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianGivetian382.7
EifelianEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianEmsian393.3
PragianSiegen407.6
LochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliCayugan419.2
Niagaran422.5 *
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerianLockportian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianOntarian433.4
Aeronian438.5
Alexandrian438.7 *
MedinanClinton440.1 *
440.7 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianBolindianHarjuPorkuni443.8
KatianPirgu445.2
Eastonian449 *
Vormsi449.6 *
NabalaJohvi †450 *
ViruRakvere450.6 *
GisbornianOandu452 *
SandbianKeilaIdavere †453
Haljala453.9
Kukruse456.4 *
UhakuAluoja †457.5 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianDarriwilian458.4
Lasnamagi458.9 *
Aseri460.4 *
OelandKunda462.9 *
Valaste †/Hunderum464.3 *
VolkhovLangevoja †/Vaana/Saka467.1 *
DapingianYapeenian467.3
Castlemainian468.5 *
Billingen469.3 *
Early OrdovicianFloianChewtonian470
Latorp †470.1 *
Bendigonian471.8 *
Lancefieldian473.5 *
Hunneberg473.7 *
Tremadocian477.7
Varangu481.3 *
Pakerort482.2 *
Warendian482.8 *
Mansian †483.55 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianTavgian †Ketyan †/YurakianDatsonianFranconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan485.4
486.3 *
486.5
Payntonian486.8 *
Sunwaptan487.5
JiangshanianIverian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Steptoean493 *
PaibianIdamean494
Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian494.7 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanianMindyallanMarjumianAlbertian †497
Boomerangian499
Mayan/Menevian499.5
DrumianUndillan500.5
Floran503
WuliuanAmgan/SolvanTempletonianTopazan504.5
Delamaran506.5
Ordian507.8 *
Series 2Stage 4Waucoban †509
ToyonianLenian †510 *
510.8 *
Dyeran511 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3514
Montezuman514.8 *
Atdabanian515.6 *
Begadean519.9 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
Nemakit-Daldynian525.5
FortunianManykaian †529
538.8