PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan				56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
				Kasimovian									303.7
				Moscovian									307
				Bashkirian									315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
				Visean									330.9
				Tournaisian									346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
				Pragian									407.6
				Lochkovian									410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
Gorstian			Ludlow	425.6
Wenlock			Homerian	427.4
Wenlock			Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery			Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian			477.7
						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
						Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian		485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian					489.5
				Aksaian					490.7 *
				Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian						494
			Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian		497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian		509
				Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
				Botomian					512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian					514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian					515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
													635