PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian				259.51
				Wordian										Midian				264.28
				Wordian										Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian										Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian										Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian										Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian										Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian										Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian										Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †								298.9
				Kasimovian						Mapingian †								303.7
				Kasimovian														305.9
				Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian									307
				Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian									315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian									323.2
				Visean					Middle Mississippian									330.9
				Tournaisian					Early Mississippian									346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian										358.9
								Middle Famennian										365.3 *
								Early Famennian										368.5 *
				Frasnian				Late Frasnian										372.2
								Middle Frasnian										375.4 *
								Early Frasnian										379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian										382.7
								Middle Givetian										383.7 *
								Early Givetian										385.9 *
				Eifelian				Late Eifelian										387.7
				Eifelian				Early Eifelian										390.3 *
			Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian										393.3
				Emsian				Early Emsian										398.3 *
				Pragian				Pragian										407.6
				Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian										410.8
								Middle Lochkovian										412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian										415.6 *
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
			Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
				Aeronian														438.5
				Rhuddanian														440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian							443.8
				Katian							Bolindian							445.2
											Eastonian							449 *
											Gisbornian							452 *
				Sandbian							Gisbornian							453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian							458.4
				Dapingian							Yapeenian							467.3
				Dapingian							Castlemainian							468.5 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian							470
											Bendigonian							471.8 *
											Lancefieldian							473.5 *
				Tremadocian							Lancefieldian							477.7
											Warendian							482.8 *
					Mansian †						Warendian							483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
				Stage 10									Festiniogian			Niuchehean		489.2 *
				Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian		489.5
					Aksaian													490.7 *
					Sakian													492.2 *
Maentwrogian	493.1 *
	Paibian			Paibian									494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian			St Davids						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
	Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian			499.5
	Drumian		Mayan/Menevian									Drumian			500.5
	Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan									Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan			Caerfai						Duyunian			509
			Toyonian	Lenian †											510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
	Stage 3		Botomian									Nangaoian			514
	Stage 3		Atdabanian									Nangaoian		515.6 *
Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian									Meishucunian		521
	Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
	Fortunian			Manykaian †						529
	Fortunian			Manykaian †						Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian							Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau							1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan							1375
																		1400