PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Devonian Subages	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian											Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian											Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian											Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian											Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian											Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian											Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian											Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian											Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian											Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian											Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian											Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian											Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian											Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian											Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian											Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian											Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian											Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											Triassic 1				247.2
				Induan															251.2
				Induan							Kathwai								251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian	Kathwai				Permian 4				251.902
																			252.4 *
											Chhidru								252.9 *
										Baoqingian									253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian									254.14
											Kalabagh								255 *
											Wargal								256 *
										Laibinian									257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan									259.51
Wordian				Kuhfengian	264.28
						265.3 *
					Amb	266.1 *
Roadian					Amb	Permian 3	266.9
Roadian						Permian 3	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian		Permian 2	273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Gzhelian				300.1
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian	Devonian 2	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian		410.8
						Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Bolindian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Eastonian				Kralodvorian		449 *
							Eastonian				Berounian		449.7 *
							Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian					Ordovician 4					453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
	Liben †												458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
											Dobrotivian		458.5 *
											Oretanian		459.7 *
	Sarka †													461.7 *
	Dapingian		Yapeenian				Ordovician 2	Klabava †						467.3
			Yapeenian								Arenigian			468
			Castlemainian											468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian											470
			Bendigonian											471.8 *
			Lancefieldian											473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian				Ordovician 1	Tremadocian						477.7
			Warendian											482.8 *
			Warendian		Mansian †									483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
			Aksaian														490.7 *
			Sakian														492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		494
		Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Marjumian							Albertian †	Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				Topazan								Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †		509
			Toyonian	Lenian †												510 *
			Toyonian				Dyeran									511 *
			Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3													Cambrian 2	514
							Montezuman									514.8 *
			Atdabanian				Montezuman									515.6 *
			Atdabanian				Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian													521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian													525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †											Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian													Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau			1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian				1200									Yurmatian
		Ectasian				Burzyan									1375
																			1400