PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Tarantian	0.0117
				Chibanian														Ionian	0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian								Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan										150
									Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian					Warepan										208.5
									Otamitan										217
									Oretian										221
				Carnian					Oretian										227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian					Etalian										238
				Anisian					Etalian										242
				Anisian					Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian										249
				Induan					Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902					Makarewan
			Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	Wordian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	Wordian		266
			Roadian			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian				285
					Telfordian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
			Tremadocian								477.7
			Tremadocian								Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian													489.5
											Aksaian					490.7 *
											Sakian					492.2 *
															Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian													494
			Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian						499.5
			Drumian								Mayan/Menevian						500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †				Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan								Stage 5 †				Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													Waucoban †	509
							Toyonian					Lenian †					510 *
							Toyonian								Dyeran		511 *
							Botomian										512.5 *
Stage 3			514
			Montezuman												514.8 *
			Montezuman				Atdabanian								515.6 *
			Begadean				Atdabanian								519.9 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2					Tommotian								521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635