PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean														Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean														Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian														Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian														Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian														Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian														Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Melekhovian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian					Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian								Wordian							264.28
				Wordian							Noginskian	Wordian							264.9 *
				Roadian								Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
											Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian						276.8 *
													Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian									Hessian				Autunian		283.5
Wolfcampian					Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian	Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
						Khamovnikian			304.8
						Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Podolskian			308.9 *
						Kashirian			311.4 *
						Vereian			313.8
						Melekessian			314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
						Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Prikamian			318.6 *
						Severokeltmian			319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
						Voznesenian			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian			324.4 *
						Steshevian			326.8 *
						Tarusian			329 *
			Visean			Venevian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian			331.9 *
						Aleksinian			333.7 *
						Tulian			335.8 *
						Bobrikian			339.9 *
						Radaevkian			343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Kosvian		Early Mississippian	346.7
						Kizelian			350.7 *
						Cherepetian			351.9 *
						Karakubian			354.4 *
						Upinian			356.3 *
						Malevkian			357.6 *
						Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †						483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
												Payntonian		486.8 *
												Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Iverian			489.5
			Aksaian												490.7 *
			Sakian												492.2 *
														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Idamean			494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Idamean			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				Middle Cambrian		Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Ayusokkanian						Boomerangian			499
			Mayan/Menevian						Boomerangian			499.5
		Drumian							Undillan			500.5
		Drumian							Floran			503
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan						Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
									Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
									Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian				Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian	Lenian †								510 *
												510.8 *
										Dyeran		511 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
			Atdabanian							Montezuman		515.6 *
			Atdabanian							Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †				538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †				571.7 *
																			635