PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia				Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain			Central Paratethys Stages	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian											Pannonian			7.246
				Serravallian											Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian											Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian							66
				Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan													Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Buntsandstein	Kathwai	251.902
																		252.4 *
																	Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian													Chhidru	254.14
																	Kalabagh	255 *
																	Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian							Ohre/Aller		259.51
				Wordian					Wordian							Leine		264.28
																		265.3 *
																	Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian					Roadian								Amb	266.9
				Roadian					Roadian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
				Kungurian						Hessian								281.9 *
				Artinskian						Hessian								283.5
				Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
				Sakmarian						Lenoxian								290.1
				Asselian						Nealian								293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470				Fennian
			Whitlandian				471.1 *
			Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
						Cressagian	480.8 *
						Cressagian	Mansian †			483.55 *
							Mansian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
							Aksaian							490.7 *
							Sakian							492.2 *
													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Waucoban †					509
				Toyonian						Lenian †		510 *
				Toyonian	Dyeran							511 *
				Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
				Atdabanian	Montezuman							515.6 *
				Atdabanian	Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian								521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635