PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan											150
									Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian							Warepan											208.5
									Otamitan											217
									Oretian											221
		Carnian							Oretian											227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian							Etalian											238
		Anisian							Etalian											242
		Anisian							Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian											249
		Induan							Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian							Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Waiitian			Zechstein		Longtanian †						254.14
									Puruhauan											254.2
									Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Urzhumian			266
		Roadian			Kazanian			Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian			Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian	276
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		Sarginian			285
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
						Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Tremadocian									477.7
		Tremadocian									Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian				489.5
											Aksaian							490.7 *
											Sakian							492.2 *
							Steptoean										493 *
		Paibian												Paibian			494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian						Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian						Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan						Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian				Waucoban †		509
							Toyonian				Lenian †								510 *
							Toyonian											Dyeran	511 *
							Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian	514
				Montezuman									514.8 *
				Montezuman			Atdabanian						515.6 *
				Begadean			Atdabanian						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				Meishucunian						521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian			Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian			Manykaian †	Jinnigian	530.7
																				538.8