PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128028 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian											Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian											Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian											Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian					Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian							259.51
				Wordian								Midian							264.28
				Wordian								Murgabian							266.2 *
				Roadian								Murgabian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian							273.01
				Kungurian								Bolorian							279.8
				Artinskian								Bolorian							283.5
				Artinskian								Yakhtashian							286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Bursumian †	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian			Jiangshanian		489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian								Paibian		494
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			Guzhangian			499.5
	Drumian		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
	Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan					Duyunian						509
			Toyonian						Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian					Nangaoian						514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian					Nangaoian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian					Meishucunian						521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian							Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian						Jinnigian	Manykaian †					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Wonokan †											Vendian †	571.7 *
																			635