PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Australia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian														Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian														Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian														Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †									Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian														Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian														Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian														Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian														Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian														Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian														Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian														Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian														Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian														Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †												254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
											Filipovian									276.5 *
											Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
											Irginian									285.9 *
											Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	387.7		Cazenovian
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Bolindian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Eastonian	Kralodvorian		449 *
									Eastonian	Berounian		449.7 *
									Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian					458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian		Klabava †			467.3
									Yapeenian	Arenigian				468
									Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian					470
									Bendigonian					471.8 *
									Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian							Lancefieldian	Tremadocian				477.7
									Warendian					482.8 *
									Warendian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
								Aksaian									490.7 *
								Sakian									492.2 *
																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian							494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian							Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian										499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian										500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan								Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Waucoban †		509
								Toyonian	Lenian †										510 *
			Dyeran	511 *				Toyonian
				Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3						514
			Montezuman					514.8 *
			Montezuman	Atdabanian					515.6 *
			Begadean	Atdabanian					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †	529
																				538.8