PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean								Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean								Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian								Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian								Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian								Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian								Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian								Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian								Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7								Late Pennsylvanian
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Eastonian		Cautleyan	449 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Gisbornian		Cheneyan		452 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
					Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian					470
					Chewtonian		Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Bendigonian					471.8 *
					Lancefieldian					473.5 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
							Cressagian			480.8 *
					Warendian					482.8 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
										Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian					Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian							489.5
			Aksaian		490.7 *
			Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian			494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								509
			Toyonian		Lenian †						510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †						529
													538.8