PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian Epochs				European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian																MN 17	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																MN 16	2.58
				Piacenzian																MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean																MN 15	3.6
																				MN 14	4.2
																				MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																MN 13	5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian								MN 12	7.246
																				MN 11	7.75
																				MN 10	8.7
																				MN 9	9.7
																				MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian								Sarmatian								MN 7 + 8	11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian								MN 6	12.8 *
				Langhian																MN 5	13.82
				Burdigalian																MN 4	15.98
																				MN 3	16.9
																				MN 2	20
				Aquitanian																MN 2	20.44
				Aquitanian																MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian			Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Kralodvorian			Richmondian		446 *
				Berounian			Richmondian		449.7 *
							Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian			450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian				Chatfieldian			453
							Turinian			453.7 *
							Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
				Dobrotivian									458.5 *
				Oretanian									459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
				Arenigian									468
							Rangerian						469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian				Tulean							473.9 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Tulean							477.7
							Stairsian							480.3 *
							Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
													Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian					Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Stage 10				487.5							Niuchehean
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian							489.5
				Aksaian										490.7 *
				Sakian										492.2 *
			Paibian				Paibian							494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian								Guzhangian				499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian								Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								Duyunian			Early Cambrian	509
				Toyonian			Lenian †									510 *
				Botomian												512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian								Nangaoian				514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian								Nangaoian				515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								Meishucunian				521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
			Fortunian				Manykaian †									529
			Fortunian				Manykaian †					Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																					635