PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia		Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of North America			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan								56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian															Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian															Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian																Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian																Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian																Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian																Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian																Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian																Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Chesterian		323.2
				Visean																Chesterian		330.9
																				Meramecian		335.8 *
																				Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian																Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian																Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian																	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian																	Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
				Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
				Niagaran	Kaugetuma		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni		443.8
			Katian	Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
				Kralodvorian						Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian						Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Dobrotivian						Lasnamagi				458.9 *
	Oretanian			459.7 *						Lasnamagi
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Aseri				Sarka †					461.7 *
				Oeland			Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
	Arenigian													468
							Billingen							469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Hunneberg							477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort							482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian								Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
		Jiangshanian														489.5
			Aksaian													490.7 *
			Sakian													492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian													499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian													500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan													509
			Toyonian			Lenian †					510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																						1400