PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian									Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean									Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian									Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian									Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian									Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian									Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian									Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Agenian	20
		Aquitanian									Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan	445.2
				Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan		451.5 *
				Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian				453
					Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian			470
				Whitlandian			471.1 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Cressagian			480.8 *
				Cressagian			Mansian †	483.55 *
							Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian				489.5
							Aksaian				490.7 *
							Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian			Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian	509
							Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
							Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian				514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian				521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
												538.8