PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Britain			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Precambrian of Russia			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan							56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan							Vokhmian								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
				Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
				Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian													Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian		323.2
				Visean													Chesterian		330.9
																	Meramecian		335.8 *
																	Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian													Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian													Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare		419.2
				Cayugan	Kaugetuma		421.7 *
				Niagaran	Kaugetuma		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan	Clinton				440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill			Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan			445.2
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc			Streffordian			Onnian †		449.6 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian			Longvillian †			456.8 *
							Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
	Arenig		Dapingian	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Fennian			470
				Whitlandian			471.1 *
				Moridunian			474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Cressagian			480.8 *
				Cressagian			Mansian †				483.55 *
							Mansian †				485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian				Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian							489.5
							Aksaian							490.7 *
							Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian												494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian							497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan							509
							Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
							Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian							514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian							521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian				Karatau									800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau									1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian									1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian									1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan									1375
																			1400