PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China		Ordovician of the Baltic
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				5.333
		Tortonian																				7.246
		Serravallian																				11.63
		Langhian																				13.82
		Burdigalian																				15.98
		Aquitanian																				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
		Bartonian																				37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †								Zechstein						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Rotliegendes						259.51
		Wordian																				264.28
		Roadian																				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																				273.01
		Artinskian														Autunian						283.5
		Sakmarian																				290.1
		Asselian																				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian																Late Pennsylvanian				303.7
		Moscovian																Middle Pennsylvanian				307
		Bashkirian																Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Late Mississippian				323.2
		Visean																Middle Mississippian				330.9
		Tournaisian																Early Mississippian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	Chientangkiangian					Pirgu	445.2
					Richmondian	Chientangkiangian						446 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
					Maysvillian						Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Maysvillian						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
					Edenian						Nabala			450.4 *
					Edenian					Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian									Keila		Idavere †	453
					Turinian						Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Kukruse			456.4 *
				Whiterockian							Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				Uhaku				458.4
											Lasnamagi				458.9 *
											Aseri				460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
											Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian											467.3
					Rangerian												469.1 *
					Rangerian						Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †								Cassinian †			Yiyangian		470
								Latorp †							470.1 *
											Hunneberg				473.7 *
					Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian													Ungurian		Xinchangian		477.7
									Lianghekou †										477.9 *
					Stairsian														480.3 *
					Stairsian						Varangu								481.3 *
					Skullrockian						Varangu			Demingian †		482 *
											Pakerort					482.2 *
																Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian							Batyrbaian					485.4
																				486.3 *
																				486.5
																				487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
						Aksaian									Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian									Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian										494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian									Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian														499.5
		Drumian																Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian																Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan												Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan																		Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4																			509
						Toyonian	Lenian †											Toyonian			510 *
						Botomian												Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian												Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian												Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian												Tommotian			521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian															525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †														529
																						538.8