PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Ordovician of China			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Zechstein		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian															Rotliegendes		259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian															Autunian		283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian				Bursumian †													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian												298.9
				Kasimovian				Missourian													303.7
				Kasimovian				Desmoinesian													305.9 *
				Moscovian				Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian												307
				Moscovian				Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian												312.7 *
				Bashkirian				Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian												315.2
				Bashkirian				Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian												318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	Late Mississippian												323.2
				Visean				Chesterian	Middle Mississippian												330.9
								Meramecian													335.8 *
								Osagean													343.1 *
				Tournaisian				Osagean	Early Mississippian												346.7
				Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian												351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway									358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian								West Fallsian/Sonyean									372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian								Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian								382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Southwoodian	Cazenovian								387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian								Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian								393.3
				Pragian																	407.6
				Lochkovian																	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																		419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian																	423
			Ludlow	Gorstian																	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian																	427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																	430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian																	433.4
				Aeronian																	438.5
				Rhuddanian																	440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
				Katian												Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †			445.2
				Katian												Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
				Sandbian												Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
				Darriwilian												Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
				Dapingian												Dapingian					467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian												Yiyangian					470
				Tremadocian												Xinchangian				Ungurian	477.7
																		Lianghekou †			477.9 *
					Mansian †													Lianghekou †			483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †					Batyrbaian	485.4
				Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian									Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
					Aksaian															Aksaian	490.7 *
					Sakian															Sakian	492.2 *
				Paibian										Paibian							494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian														494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian								Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †					Ayusokkanian	497
				Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian							499.5
				Drumian										Drumian						Zhanaarykian	500.5
				Drumian										Drumian						Tuesaian	503
				Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan									Wuliuan/Taijangian						Tuesaian	504.5
				Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian							505.3
			Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian							509
					Toyonian	Lenian †														Toyonian	510 *
					Botomian															Botomian	512.5 *
				Stage 3	Botomian									Nangaoian						Botomian	514
Atdabanian				Stage 3	Atdabanian	515.6 *								Nangaoian
Terreneuvian			Stage 2	Tommotian	Meishucunian	Tommotian				521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
	Fortunian		Manykaian †							529
	Fortunian		Manykaian †		Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Poundian †							538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Wonokan †							571.7 *
																					635